100个句子轻松搞定初中语法-3

3. It’s hot today. 今天很热！
    it为人称代词,主格与宾格同形。该词用法灵活,从中文立场看,好些无主语的句子,在译成英文时,都非请IT协助不可。例如：
    是这样！（That's it!）
    没办法。（It can't be helped.）
    轮到我了。（It is my turn.）
    事实上,我们可以打败他们。（As it is, we can beat them.）
    离开这里不远。（It is not far from here.）
    只要一美元。（It is only one dollar.）
    这儿真热。（It is so hot here!）
    此外,“it”还有下列五种用法：
    1）代替上文提到的事物或情况,如：
    Look up the word in the dictionary if it is difficult to you. 如果你认为这个词太难了,就查字典。
    I would appreciate it if you could do me a favour. 如果你能帮我就太感谢了。
    2）代替没生命的东西,如：
    Here is a plastic box. It is useful. 这是一个塑料盒子。它很有用。
    Don't throw the old newspaper away; you may need it. 别把那份就报纸扔了,我可能会需要它。
    3）代替普通动物,如：
    The dog outside belongs to the owner of the house. It is very fierce. 外面那条狗是这个房子的主人的。它很凶。
    Look at the cat! Isn't it cute? 看那只猫。它可爱吗？
    指大动物,如马、大象等或指人们心爱的宠物,如猫、狗等时,可用he或she,而不用“it”；一般童话故事中的动物便是个例子,如：
    When the children saw a horse coming, they stopped and looked at him. 当孩子们看到马走过来的时候,他们停下来看着它。
    A cow is grazing grass in the field. She looks very strong. 一只母牛正在吃草。它看起来很强壮。
    4）用来指天气、日期、季节、时刻、距离等,如：
    It is raining outside. Don't go out! 外面下雨了。别出去！
    It is the 20th of December. 今天是12月20日。
    Time flies! It is a vacation again. 时光飞逝！又到假期了。
    It was half past five that when Jason got up. 杰森起床的时候是5点半。
    It is very far from school to the market. 从学校到那个市场很远。
    It is only short a distance to the library. 到图书馆很近。
    5）可以指性别不详的婴儿,及已知的事实,如：
    The baby next door kept me awake. It cried loudly. 隔壁那个婴儿把我弄醒了。它哭得很大声。
    Yes, I was at home last night. What about it? 是的,昨晚我在家。怎么了？
    When the company closes down, it (i.e. this event) will affect some staff’ future. 公司倒闭的话会影响到一些员工。